Hire for Attitude Essay

Professionals mostly from the human resource department believe in â€Å"hire for attitude, train for skills† and this can be supported by the fact that it is comparatively easier to inculcate and to make them learn new skills than to change their attitude. I believe that this statement is very true as the type of attitude adopted by an individual formulates due to various reasons and the environment he lives in. Depending on these factors and some of the other major factors an individual has passed through in his life, he then develops a certain type of attitude. There are various types of attitudes that a person might possess, however specifically talking about the attitudes of employees at workplace, I would say that people might be enthusiastic or efficient. Besides this, they might show their excellence at work, they might be flexible or might make their work easy by adopting a good attitude. Many companies have failed to hire the right candidate for the right job and this is the most important task of the human resource department to consider when hiring a candidate. In order to bring an improvement in the hiring process, many companies have analyzed many reasons over the years to find out the reasons why their hiring processes fail and they have come up to a conclusion that it is always better to hire a person with a right mind set and a right attitude rather than hiring a person with the right experience. Therefore, now the companies prefer to hire individuals for attitude after which they train them according to the requirement of the company and the job. (Carbondara, 2007).

Bmx Cycle Solutions

Question # 1 What business is LCI in? What are the key success factors? How operations can contribute? LCI BUSINESS: LCI was founded in 1994 by Mr. Sheikh Ubaidullah, a Former Chairman of Pakistan Cycle Cooperative Society Limited. LCI is located at Ferozpur Road, eighteen miles south of Lahore Pakistan. LCI marketed its bicycles under the brand name of Leader bicycles. LCI was in bad shape and financially bankrupt , all shops run by one supervisors , its production was practically zero when Managing director at Descon Mr. Razaq Dawood acquired LCI in June 1999. He hired new 6 engineers since 1999 in following departments like production planning, production scheduling, inventory control and quality control to set up all the necessary systems and procedures in order to turn LCI around. In May 2002 Five bicycles –manufacturing companies (competitors) existed in market, combined capacity of these companies producing bicycles were 580,000bicyles per annum, and all were running at or near capacity, the competition was very tough. Up to May 2002. LCI was producing 60,000 bicycles/annum, in May 2002, LCI started producing manufacturing its new product named BMX cycles, for betterment in this new product, after a year-long negotiation with Hercules of England, Decscon acquired from them the manufacturing and technology right, in Pakistan, for the very popular BMX cycle, Hercules also agreed to send engineers to Lahore for ten-week periods in order to help in set up the plant, tooling and train the staff. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS: * Senior Management of LCI wanted to introduce the BMX Cycle in market before competitors, and Mr. Mansoor Waraich, Senior Planning Engineer, had a lot of pressure by the top management of LCI to complete this huge production of BMX Cycles. That massive production was carefully planned and all the processes where closely monitored and upgraded. * Mr. Razaq Dawood, Managing Director, of Descon, took over the LCI in very bad shape , and he set up all necessary systems and procedures like production planning, production scheduling, inventory control and quality control in order to turn LCI around , it is also a factor of the success of LCI * Another key success factor was that Descon called Hercules of England engineers to train LCI’s staff. LCI’s staff can also go to England for the same training for a specific period. OPERATIONS CONTRIBUTION: LCI is a Production Company so operations plays very important role. Outsourcing and subcontracting of different raw materials is done for the better result of operations. All the plants structure was designed in a way so that they can minimize the wastage and can maximize the production. Manpower was also assigned according to their expertise and labor was hired on daily wage system. Question # 2 What is your Analysis of the BMX production process? How would you characterize this process? ANALYSIS OF BMX PRODUCTION PROCESS: BMX production process is almost in sequence, all processes depends on each other, if one process is skipped then they cannot complete other part of cycle, in other wards they cannot ignore only a single process, As LCI wanted to introduce BMX in market before competitors and management wanted to produce huge quantity of BMX cycles so LCI purchased different finished parts for BMX cycles from several suppliers, like, seats , pedals, handle bars, frame pads, and tires were directly purchased and installed , but other side , several parts, like sheet metal, metal coils, steel bars and pipes were manufactured from raw materials acquired locally and abroad. Management hired permanent and daily paid labor in all shops to complete tasks efficiently and in timely, this planning was proved very helpful to complete huge production. First process is cutting shop: This shop having 3 machines for cutting metal pipes into different lengths to use prepare bottom bracket shell, frames and handle bar, this shop run under one supervisor and 4 full time employees Second process is Bottom bracket shell shop: This Shop contained three 600 tons processes and 6 presses ranging from 60 to 100 tons, heavy parts of bicycle like BB shell were manufactured in this shop , this shop run under supervision of one supervisor and 4 full time employees. Handle Shop: BMX bicycle handles were manufactured at this shop completely, a specific machine automatically bent the placed pipe in a few seconds into appropriate configuration and cut the handle bars to length and knurled. These Knurled to help retain the handle bar grip. BMX enameling and Phosphating Shop: All parts of bicycle were enameling and phasphating, phaspating treatment enabled the steel surface to retain the enameled paint for a long time and provide a durable finish, all partes were placed on jigs and hang on a conveyer, this conveyer passed through a drying oven at a speed allowing each part to be baked at 1500C for approximately 50 minutes. Rim Shop; Bicycle Rims contained at this shop, One mm thick and 83 mm wide metal coils required to prepare rim and these rims imported from barazil or Japan, then front end coil was welded with back end coils and finally, the rims was bent into a required radius and cut after buffing and polishing. Press Shop: A specific machine at press shop for grinding and buffing the parts of rims and two ends of strips had been welded together Saddle, Brake and Hub Shop: Hubs and saddle for BMX cycle were assembled at this shop, loop clips of were manufactured at LCI , other parts like saddle frames and saddle covers were procured by vender and assembled manually at other end of same shop. Machine Shop: Four production lathes like a grinding machine, a milling machine and four drilling machines are contained at this shop, some parts of BMX cycle check-nut, lock-nut and wheel valve produced in machine shop, this machine was operating 50% of its capacity Electroplating Shop: Some parts of BMX like Hub flanges, steel rims , lamp brackets, spanners and chain wheels electroplate at this shop, this machine have limited equipment capacity so double shift running six days per week for electroplating. BMX Welding line: This shop have 5 welding stations and a mitering machine , different parts of cycle welded and metering machine give a smooth curve at the ends of tubes (pipes) once this machine was set then all tubes automatically mitered the tube. Final Assembly Area: This area have 6 work stations, fitting machine and an assembly track conveyor, all manufactured parts of BMX cycle assemble on these 6 stations, finally all the assemblies and accessory packets were packed in a cardboard carton for delivery. Characteristics, All shops worked very efficiently and all work stations busy to prepare assigned parts on same time so it’s very helpful to produce huge production, management took decisions for daily paid and monthly paid employees, and paid them attractive salary. Question # 3 Given the investment in BMX cycle manufacturing line, what is the payback period? Each bicycle Price = 2400 Gross margin = 8. 3% Profit margin for each bicycle = 2400 x 8. 3% = 199. 2 Production Capacity = 60,000 Profit margin for 60,000 bicycles are = 199. 2 x 60000 = 11952000 Payback on gross margin = 2 Years & 2 Months Question # 4 Assume the enameling plant capacity is 3000 bicycles per month, as senior planning Engineer, what alternatives are available to increase BMX cycle production? As per upper management’s drive to expand operations, a ten year old enameling unit that was purchased for Rs 3 Million in 1999. In order to increase production LCI in addition to subcontracted enameling should start in house production in parallel by utilizing the unit purchased. It may have to invest on up-gradation of the unit as required to meet the current production standards. Company purchased enameling machine but they did not use it, because outsourcing and subcontracting was present in LCI’s tradition so upper management should change it and it’s better to utilize enameling machine, bring it in use, so BMX production will definitely be increased. Question # 5 What is your recommendation and why? Following are the Recommendations and the reasons LCI should do some forecasting for identifying the real need of their product in the market, * They should give advertisement though email, news paper and web TV add etc, * They should do SWOT analysis of their o wn company and their competitors. * They should improve their weaknesses, and they should produce bicycle for elders * They should hire some vender for parts of BMX so it is suggested that they should arrange of those machines at their company, it’s also saving the cost and time. * For sustaining the market position more innovation is required, the designs of bicycles should be upgraded and changed to attract the customers towards the product.

Disney Princess

Maegan Cherry Dr. Walker Composition I 15 November 2012 The Princess and the Frog Princess Diana once said, â€Å"Being a princess is not all it is cracked up to be. † This is a true statement in some insistences such as Disney’s 2009 film The Princess and the Frog. The film is based in the 1920’s in New Orleans, Louisiana. The 1920’s was a time period of segregation, and it was not uncommon to see a black person working in a white family’s home. Southern states were more segregated than others, so the film being in Louisiana plays a very important role.Most black people were not as wealthy as white people; therefore they did not have the luxuries of the families they worked for. They tended to live in small houses, and they had to take the train or walk for transportation. Tiana’s family was no different than any other 1920’s African American family. Tiana’s mother, Eudora, worked as a seamstress and a caretaker for â€Å"Big Daddy’s† daughter, Lottie. â€Å"Big Daddy† is a wealthy white man who spoils his daughter, and gives her everything she wants. Eudora took Tiana with her to work where she became friends with Lottie.Lottie grew up with fairy tales, and wanted her life to be nothing short of one. Tiana, on the other hand, did not believe in fairy tales. She believed hard work would get you where you need to be. Tiana had a dream of owning her own restaurant, but she faces many challenges that keep her from achieving her dream. Many people believe that Disney has focused too much on race and the time period, rather than making Tiana a princess. Moon Charania and Wendy Simonds wrote an article titled â€Å"The Princess and the Frog† explaining the different stereotypes presented in the film.Ajay Gehlawat also wrote an article titled â€Å"The Strange Case of The Princess and the Frog: Passing and the Elision of Race† explaining the stereotyping of the races in the fil m. I think Disney did a great job of relating the time period to the characters. The film may have been stereotypical, but it was relevant to the setting. To make the film less controversial I think Disney could have made Tiana a princess in a different time period, so there would not be any stereotyping of the characters. The biggest stereotyping was between the white family and the black family.Being Caucasian in the 1920’s meant you lived a very fortunate life, and you did not experience the hardships that other races may have faced. In The Princess and the Frog, â€Å"Big Daddy† was a typical wealthy Southern man, who gave his daughter, Lottie, anything she wanted. Lottie was portrayed in the film as a spoiled girl. She wanted to marry her prince charming, and live happily ever after. Just like in the fairy tales she grew up with. Charania and Simonds stated, â€Å"Lottie, on the other hand, is a caricature of conventional Disney princesses† (page 70).I agre e that Lottie is portrayed as a typical princess, and I can see how people would think Disney is stereotyping. Since Lottie fits the normal Disney princess characteristics it seems like Disney is making her more of the princess than they are making Tiana. Gehlawat shows more of how Lottie is stereotyped in the white family. Gehlawat stated, â€Å"When Lottie, Tiana’s childhood friend, asks her to prepare a couple hundred of her famous beignes†¦. and drops a wad of bills in her hand† (422). This statement shows that Lottie’s family had lots of money, like a stereotypical white family did in that time period.I agree that Disney does portray the white family in a stereotypically way, but I also think that it was appropriate to fit the time period. Just like the white race the black race also had characteristics that can be put into a stereotypical way. Tiana’s family was very poor and her mother, Eudora, worked as a seamstress for â€Å"Big Daddy†. Tiana and her father had a dream of owning their own restaurant. After, her father died Tiana worked as a waitress to make the dream a reality. By Eudora working for a rich white family it brings back the idea of slaves, which is another way of stereotyping the African American race.Tiana had to work very hard for everything she wanted in life; it was never handed to her on a silver platter, like it was for Lottie. Tiana lived in a much smaller house than Lottie, and they were very close to their neighbors. By Disney making Tiana a frog for most of the movie, some people have argued that it is degrading to the black race. Gehlawat stated, â€Å"What becomes lauded in the process is the representation of a black girl as an animal, or the conflation of blackness with bestiality† (418). I disagree with Gehlawat’s statement. I think that Tiana being a frog was taken out of context. Her being a frog as just a fun aspect to the movie, and was not intended to be a racial a ttack on the African Americans. Another way the film stereotyped the black race, was by the real estate brokers telling her that since she is black she should not have such big dreams. Charania and Simonds stated, â€Å"When, Tiana, as a young adult dreaming of opening her own restaurant, is told by the real estate brokers of her dream property that â€Å"a women of her background† should not strive so high† (70). I think that this is a stereotyping comment that is made in the movie, but I do not think this comment was made in direct to blacks in today’s society.I feel that any stereotyping made was fitting to the time period the film was set in. In today’s society being stereotyped in some way is a common thing that people need to learn to live with. The 1920’s was a sad part of history, but it did happen. It is not a bad thing to remind people about what things were like in history. Disney made an effort to show how far America has come since the 1920’s, by making an African American princess. They could have just made Tiana a princess, like the past Disney princesses, and that might have made the film a little less of a controversial issue.Everything and everyone will be stereotyped at some point in life. It is how the people respond to it that will make the difference on the future generations. Works Cited Charania, Moon and Wendy Simonds. â€Å"The Princess and the Frog. † American Sociological Assosiation. 2010. Vol. 9. No 3. 69-71. Print. Gehlawat, Ajay. â€Å"The Strange Case of The Princess and the Frog: Passing and the Elision of Race. † Journal of African American Studies 14. 4 (2010): 417-431. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. The Princess and the Frog. Dirs. Ron Clements and John Musker. 2009. Walt Disney Video. 2010. DVD.

Abelard and Heloises Differing Opinions of Love, Sex and Sin Research Paper

Abelard and Heloises Differing Opinions of Love, Sex and Sin - Research Paper Example From their son’s point of view, the historical novels revels the importance of the bond of love that exists between the husband and wife as well as the importance of the same bond between the parents and children. As well in the society marriage should not be kept as a secret from the family members, this is to say that love is not a secret as the punishment to Abelard for doing this was his castration. Abelard’s life is full of love for both God and his wife as he dedicated his inner life to them. He had serious faith in Christ as well as an ardent love for his wife. On the other hand, keeping this love a secret and hence the marriage was also a secret was not acceptable to Abelard’s father and the fatherly infernally poisonous jealousy lead to the forceful castration of Abelard. Heloise’s love is so intense and described as the love that would lead to worshipping a lover and as she is sent to a convent, she resorts to letter writing to her lover. Astrola be, Abelard’s son is seen as the distant link between him and Heloise as he admires his intellectual similarities while also failing to full recognize him as his son though this trinity is connected through secrecy and profound love. Heloise is imprisoned in a convent out of her own free will and though Abelard’s love and passion is almost nil he takes a mistress to fulfill his experience passion and sexual love. This imprisonment can be attributed to the actions of Abelard’s action of making her pregnant before marriage and the son really questions her mother’s intention in being a nun in the true power and extent of love, and the meaning of love. The son could not understand the love Heloise had for Abelard, so intense to have blinded her not to see his shortcomings such as his cantankerousness, his megalomania, his vanity, his ingratitude and arrogance. At one time, blasphemy could have led to her expulsion from convent for her absolute love for Abelar d is said to have exceeded the utmost possible for a human being, such love viewed to exceed love for God. She loved wholeheartedly and Classen (2003) describes as love with body and soul, in complete devotion as he thinks that it is only a woman who loves like that. This loves is for themselves only as they seem not to have much live for their child as Astrolabe even dreams of killing his father not out of hate but out of love, wild jealous love for the parents. According to Porter, (2000), Aberlards definition of sin is nothing other than to hold the creator in contempt, not to do for his sake what should be done for his sake or rather nit go forego for his sake that which we believe should be foregone. His understanding is reacting against the view of the early medieval penitential, which understood sin in terms of wrong doing without much regard for the agent’s motives or intentions, (Leclercq, 1973). At his time, 12th century, he was not the only one with this different view and the period can be described to have had widespread uncertainty about sin and penance though these issues were of practical concern to the society. Critically evaluating his understanding reveals that his case for sin is the fault of the soul which is rendered guilt before God as the desire to perform a sinful act itself cannot be considered as sin. His stance on moral accountability has implications for moral accountability, the legitimacy of punishment and the practice of penance are based on the consent of the soul through which the creator is held in contempt. Desire, just the desire for pleasure rather than engaging in the sinful

Problems and solutions for alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Problems and solutions for alcohol - Essay Example According to (â€Å"Solving alcohol problems†), the problem of alcohol is that as many as 17 million adults in US are seriously caught in the habit of drinking. Of these alcohol addicts, those who get help are no more than 3 million in number. Every year, hundreds of thousands of Americans are killed, injured, or weakened as a result of drinking. Alcohol consumption has been the root cause of distortion of a lot of families in the past and has also been one of the driving forces of violence in the society. There are four fundamental stages of solving the problems of alcohol. First, there is a need to create awareness among the public so that they know the difference between risk and safe alcohol consumption. Secondly, there should be screening for alcohol related issues. After that, people should be provided with cover treatment by way of health insurance. Finally, there should be good arrangement of support treatment and health recovery for the affected

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Case Study Example ligence Grid (Natgrid) aims to monitor the activities of private citizens1, a move which presses on the boundaries of a citizen’s fundamental liberties. It’s an echo of Big Brother in the guise of public interest; the concept is noble, but there’s so much opportunity for abuse that it cancels all intended benefits. The Natgrid will surely speed up the functions of the bureaucracy with a centralized intelligence system, but it’ll also make data accessible to a lot of unscrupulous personalities and agencies. Although a data protection law already exists (The Information Technology Act), it only goes so far as to cover an individual’s activity. The individual is set apart from the act. The UPA has to set specific ground rules to ensure both aspects coexist but remain separate. The freedom to information shouldn’t be absolute; there has to be a limit to how much the government can access. The law should protect the individual first and foremost. Everything else follows accordingly. 2. â€Å"Convenient and personal are the flip-side to private and anonymous† according to Greenfield. Indeed, convenience comes at a steep price nowadays, and the technological juggernauts of the Information Age admit it. P3P is an essential component of the Web-browsing experience; it allows users to navigate the byways of the Internet without leaving crumbs for the hounds to sniff and follow. This provides a perfect analogy to the online cookies implanted in your browser’s cache; they’re there to monitor online activities, but the exact coverage of this policy is never fully described. As a measure of courtesy, some sites do live up to their word by restricting their own access to user data. The opportunities exposed by a database of unlimited information is too tempting to resist, though, especially when everything of value is now stored in a remote corner or crevice on the web. The competition for technological supremacy between Google, Microsoft, and everyone else is

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 111

Case Study Example The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) might influence my neighborhood’s need by enhancing the access to health care for the vulnerable clients especially the uninsured and destitute patients (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). Moreover, the HRSA makes positive contributions in health care delivery that might involve establishing long-term and sustainable programs that address neighborhood’s health care need. HRSA might also influence my neighborhood’s need by training and developing more health professionals to gain sufficient skills to address health needs of the poor in an efficient and cost effective manner. I must develop a plan to address care costs for my clients. The plan will include encouraging and helping the clients to claim all their health benefits. It also includes urging clients to apply for NHS-funded care that caters for all care costs (Harkness & DeMarco, 2015). I will also advice the clients to purchase "care fees annuity† that will ensure that they receive guaranteed income for life. Moreover, clients should adopt preventive care that entails visiting the doctor for physical and medical check-up that reduces health care costs for the entire family. Clients can also perform self-exams, eat healthy foods, and exercise regularly to improve their immunity. I would also encourage my clients to visit state-sponsored health facilities and negotiate health

Scenario Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scenario Exam - Essay Example It is noted that Meredith Parker is a 36 year old woman who is a supervisor in a large department store. She works full time, leaving little time to spend with her two small children aged 4 and 2. Over the last two months, Meredith has lost 10kg and has now begun to experience episodes of right sided pain under her ribs, radiating through to her shoulder blade. These have become more frequent, lasting for several hours with episodes of nausea and vomiting. Following a GP referral and investigations she has been admitted to the ward for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She stopped taking the combined oral contraceptive pill one year ago and smokes 15 cigarettes per day. In pre-admission clinic her observations were: BP 140/84 mmHg; pulse rate 74 beats/min and regular; respiratory rate 17 breaths/min; temperature 36.8 o C, oxygen saturation 98%.Her waist circumference is 92cm. It is certain that with Meredith Parker’s case there are numerous foreseeable consequences that she is l ikely to encounter if appropriate professional procedure is not impressed. As clearly highlighted in the history of the patient, she is a smoker. Research indicate that smoking often rob the patient’s body of oxygen and significantly interferes with the body of the patient from recovering properly. As widely cited, there is need to impress exercise prior to any surgical procedure. Arguably, exercising increases the level of fitness of a patient and it also promotes quick recovery. However, this are limited to some period of time before hospital admission. Research suggests that before any surgery, a patient needs to be subjected to various diagnostic tests. These might include chest x-ray, CT Scan, biopsies, bone scan, ventilation studies, bronchoscopy, and perhaps blood work. These constitute the prospective assessment. However, one thing to content with is that these processes have to follow a particular protocol commonly referred to as ABCDEF. Certainly Meredith Parker has to adhere to the ABCDEF process. This way, she would be provided with A- Antibiotics shot/Anaesthetistconsulation, followed by B — Blood tests and Bowel for purposes of monitoring proper urinary output, then C — Consent from the patient in order to get be allowed to conduct a Chest X-ray (CXR). It is after this that Meridith Parker shall receive D — Drug chart, which would concern any previous medication/DVT prophylaxis treatment, she would then undergo E — Echocardiography (ECG) followed by F — Fluid monitoring and Food intake, in which she would be kept on nothing per oral (NPO) for at least 12 hours before surgery. In a rather practical approach to Meredith Parker, it is worth noting that there are various steps towards surgery that involve all these procedures in a very specific way and cover the details of management even in six hours post operatively. The first step is to take a detailed history about the symptoms. This includes presenting c omplaints, history of presenting complaints, social, family, personal and drug history. It is essential that all the associated symptoms should be checked. It is important to note if there has been any change in symptoms or if there is any doubt in diagnosis so that they can be checked again. After that, a detail examination is required. In our patient, we should especially

Project Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project - Literature review Example Ennis, (2005) in his journal claim that a range or approaches or theories have been developed concerning attribution, self-efficacy and self-esteem. Self-efficacy is described as the judgment of how well a course of action that is needed in dealing with the eventual situation can be executed by an individual. Kleinbeck, Quast, Thierry, Hacker, & Forschungsgemeinschaft, (2005) expound on Ennis’ definition, by describing it as the confidence of a person in his or her aptitude to the organization and execution of a particular course of action to deal with an issue or execute a job. On the theory of self-efficacy, the writers argue that the major determinant of effort, setting of objectives and persistence is efficacy. The conception suggesting that people with higher self-efficacy are inclined to be more accomplished and motivated on a particular work is supported by empirical research. In addition, self-efficacy has been linked to the application of the cognitive strategies the perceptions of self-efficacy project triumph over the real or actual levels of ability Kleinbeck, Quast, Thierry, Hacker, & Forschungsgemeinschaft, (2005). Moreover, another concept in the motivation field is about the locus of control (Denton, 2002). In this concept, people should be more motivated in a manner such that they are made to feel like they are in control and ownership of their failures as well as successes. In addition, in one formulation of the theory of control, we find that one of the three fundamental psychological requirements, together with relatedness and competence is independence. It is within this structure or context that the personal differences in the degree to which these fundamental requirements are accomplished are in compliance with the variation with the motivation levels. Nonetheless, the locus of control has a close relationship with the attributions concept. Attributions are the beliefs of a person as regards the causes of a bad or good performance. There are numerous kinds of attributions, and these include ability, lack and effort (Denton, 2002). In the ‘Motivation in the real world’ text by Gellerman (1992), we are told that the most effectual systems of motivation in flourishing and successful organization in the United States are benefit programs and good pay, selectivity in the process of hiring, as well as the encourage of employment on long term basis. Some other means are flexible policy implementation, cooperative groups or even none at all, as well as a rational policy that puts the motivation of employees above any other thing Gellerman (1992). However, in the ‘Understanding Employee Motivation’ a research by Lindner (1998), factors of motivation are put or arranged in order or importance. The first one is interesting work, followed by good pay and lastly full appreciation or recognizing of the job done. Coming next is job security or assurance, good conditions for working, growth and prom otions in the corporation. Ranking low on the list is individual loyalty to the workers, sympathetic help with individual problems and considerate disciple. Some other ways that can be used to increase the motivation of workers is promotions, enlargement of jobs, external and internal stipends, rewards and job enrichment. To make work more interesting to the workers, job enlargement is the best approach as it increases the variety and number of

Too Much Too Soon Essay Example for Free

Too Much Too Soon Essay The scenario is about Sara Patel; she has finished college and is working in a company called Maddison for three years. The first two years she had worked in sales department but now she is working as a sales trainer in the sales and development department. For a while everything was going smooth, all the people in the department liked her and there was an air of openness, until the department started expanding. The first problem that arose was allocation of funds to the different units in her department, employees were complaining about Sarah allocating more resources in her department. Secondly there were problems allocating funds to the local area head of different departments for the purposes to travel across Canada about training needs with managers and supervisors. As the department grew things started to lag behind and foul-ups started to occur; mixed up schedule, late reports and faulty budgets. The staff started complaining about lack of basic resources like pen and pencils to laptops and phones. It was also talked that she was an unqualified trainer as she was fresh out of college and hadn’t work anywhere else. She didn’t open up to new ideas and any suggestions from her staff instead she developed a conflicting relationship with them. Behavioral symptoms The environment at Maddison was one of warmth and openness when Sara started. As the time went by the air was of stress as the staff started battling over the budgets and resources; they were all being centered on Sara’s department. Also her behavior towards the staff changed, she became more direct with them and started telling them what to do, making them feel like kids. Sara’s unnecessary travelling was an example of misuse of departmental funds. The defensive attitude at the lunch meeting with the staff was a physical symptom of the problem. Operational symptoms The inefficiency in distributing the funds to the various departmental heads was the key operational mess-up. The late reports, messed up schedules and errors in the department’s budget every time, occurred as a result of the increased size of the department. Employees also complained about scarcity of basic stuff including pens, laptops and blackberries. She was wasting financial resources of the department on her useless travelling and unnecessary courses. She had five resignations at her desk at the same time from her functional heads that she gave excellent rating without even meeting, and now she has to explain it to the VP of Operations. Main issue A manager is someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities to accomplish organizational goals. The manager should work effectively and efficiently, getting out the highest output with minimal input. Whereas in case of Maddison, Inc. the staff working under Sara complained of shortage of basic stuff like pen, laptops and blackberries. Manger should also have management skills like human, technical and conceptual. Technical skills refer to knowledge of the field in which he/she is working. Sara had no technical skills; she was an unqualified trainer as she was there fresh after university and had not work experience in her field. Human skills are the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. It refers to communicate, motivate, lead and inspire the staff. Sara had no human skills as her staff wanted her to step down at the lunch meeting. Conceptual skills involve the mental ability of a person to analyze and generate ideas in complex situation. These skills help managers to see the organization as a whole and understand the relationships among various departments, but Sara on the other hand didn’t look at the company as a unit but instead favored her department and helped it via different means. Planning and organizing are essential characteristics of a manager but Sara was unable to exhibit neither of those. She could neither plan nor organize her department due to which there were issues like messed up schedules and late reports. She couldn’t even organize the budgets because of which there were many arguments.

Good Managers Are Born Not Made Management Essay

Good Managers Are Born Not Made Management Essay The key to a successful organization is said to lie within a good manager. It is in fact the effectiveness of this manager and the qualities that they possess that are vital to the development and preservation of an efficient management system within a corporation. The question remains however, as to whether or not these good managers are born, if they possess qualities that will mould them into fantastic leaders of the future. Or are they made? Is it possible to develop and acquire the necessary skills to become the good manager a successful organization needs? It should first be acknowledged that leaders and managers are often referred to assuming they are the exact same thing however, there are some differences that need to be clarified. There is often some confusion due to the fact that it is particularly difficult to define a manager because a universally accepted definition does not exist. According to Tripathi, (2008, p.2) a manager is one who contributes to the organisations goals indirectly by directing the efforts of others-not by performing the task himself. Leadership and management are closely interrelated because if you are a manager of an organization, you are in essence the most important leader (Kouzes Posner 2010, p.338). The most obvious distinction between a leader and a manager lies within what leadership refers to. Leadership does not refer to a position at the top of an organization and just because a manager holds that specific position, it does not mean they are leading. Leaders have willing followers where their right to lead is earned from those followers through their influence. They intend to make change using their personal power and cannot use coercion but instead inspire with their vision (Huth 2001). A manager on the other hand, must hold the authority to achieve results through other people whereby their right to manage is granted by ownership. Managers must be in a position of power where they can use coercion and coordinate activities (Huth 2001). However, nobody can deny that one compliments the other. It could appear that based on the above one could quite possible be born a leader but not a manager, although this can also be disputed. Kouzes and Posner (2010, p.339) consider it a myth that the noti on of leadership is reserved for those lucky enough to be born with it. Leadership is, an observable set of skills and abilities (Kouzes Posner 2010, p.338). Therefore the query still remains as to whether a good manager can be made; it may just be that a good manager must also be required to possess good leadership skills. There are surely many corporations that still value the theory that: Good managers are born not made, however the common organizational failures that can be detected within many individual companies suggest that this theory is in fact flawed. Werner and DeSimone (2006, p.441) suggest that management development is a huge way to increase the effectiveness of managers within an organization. Werner and DeSimone (2006, p.441) make a strong point emphasizing that even though according to popular belief the ability to manage is an inborn capability, there is a contemporary view that the KSAOs (knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics) which all work to develop an effective manager can be learned or acquired. Nonetheless, before touching on how companies can establish a new found understanding on developing effective management within an organization, the notion of management development must firstly be explained. Werner and DeSimone (2006, p.441) defined management developme nt as: An organizations conscious effort to provide its managers (and potential managers) with opportunities to learn, grow, and change, in hopes of producing over the long term a cadre of managers with the skills necessary to function effectively in that organization. The definition above supports the notion that management development should be seen specific to a particular organization. This is due to the fact that each organization is unique and should aim to develop individuals into effective managers within the context of the particular organization. In addition, the entire idea behind management development is the fact that employees are granted the opportunity to learn, grow and improve. Therefore when you refer this back to the ability to further develop ones skills, according to Werner and DeSimone (2006, p.441) it assists managers in learning how to learn. The authors also indicate that management development is made up of three components: (1) management education, (2) management training, and (3) on-the-job experiences (Werner DeSimone 2006, p.442). It is these very components that Werner and DeSimone believe strongly contribute to the development of an effective manager. Williamson (2006) concurs that on the job experience is one of the most significant learning curves. According to Williamson (2006) an effective manager is made up of a range of skills that go beyond the misconception that the sole role of a manager is to tell people what to do. Williamson (2006) made a list of characteristics and skills that are necessary for a manager to possess to therefore be effective. Some of these skills and characteristics include; being knowledgeable by understanding the goals and objectives of the company. Understanding the expectations you must meet along with the goals and objectives. Appreciating and understand the value of their team, being empathetic and knowing how to manage their time and use their time efficiently, passing those skills onto their team. All of the above are examples of skills that are gained through training and through experience, in conjunction with the components of Werner and DeSimone. A good manager is required to work hard and pour a lot of effort into his job experience to extract the necessary lessons from each experience, learning and growing. There is disagreement amongst management writers about the classification of managerial functions however Tripathi (2008, p.3) classifies the functions into six types; Planning, Organising, Directing, Controlling, Innovation and Representation. Planning is the function that determines what should be done, preparing for the future. Organising refers to providing the business with everything useful to its functioning including, personnel, raw materials, tools, capital. Furthermore Tripathi (2008, p.3) includes staffing as a function within Organising whereby the manager attempts to find the right person for each job. Just by taking these two functions as an example it can be noted that life and work experience play a huge part in the development of an effective manager. One cannot be born with the knowledge to understand the needs of an organisation nor can they have the experience to judge a persons capabilities and allocate them the appropriate job. These capabilities are acquired and developed over time. There will always be the belief that good managers are born and in fact not made, because they hold the ability to manage which is something innate and cannot be imparted by training.

Thomas Hobbes Laws of Nature Essay -- Thomas Hobbes Philosophy

Thomas Hobbes: What Is The Difference Between Obligations In foro interno and In foro externo, and When Do We Have Such Obligations? According to Thomas Hobbes, there are certain laws of nature which exist in the absence of an organized government. These laws are extremely cut throat, and place people in extremely dangerous situations where their lives are in danger. Government is the answer to this dangerous situation, but it is here that the question of obligation comes into question. Does one have an obligation to take a chance and follow the laws set forth for them, or should they only think of themselves, and follow the laws of nature? This is a vital question which I will explore. According to Hobbes, the overriding law of nature is kill or be killed. Hobbes believed that, "every man has a right to everything, even to another man's body. And therefore, as long as this natural right of every man to everything endureth, there can be no security to any man(how strong or wise soever he be) of living out the time which nature ordinarily allowith men to live." However he also believed, "that a man be willing, when others are so too as far-forth as for peace and defense of himself that he shall think it necessary to lay down this right to all things, and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himself." The question now is, when do we have an obligation to strive towards peace when it means giving up our n...

Native American Cultural Assessment: The Cherokee Essay -- essays rese

The word Cherokee comes from a Creek word "Chelokee" meaning "people of a different speech." In their own language the Cherokee called themselves the Aniyunwiya or "principal people" or the Keetoowah, "people of Kituhwa." The Cherokee are perhaps one of the most interesting of Native American Groups. Their life and culture are closely intertwined with early American settlers and the history of our own nation’s struggle for freedom. In the interest of promoting tolerance and peace, and with regard to the United States government’s handling of Native affairs, their story is one that is painful, stoic, and must not be forgotten. The Cherokee people were a large and powerful tribe. The Cherokees' Macro-Siouan- Iroquoian language and their migration legends demonstrate that the tribe originated to the north of their traditional Southeastern homelands. Linguists believe that the Cherokee migrated from the Great Lakes area to the Southeast over three thousand years ago. The Cherokee language is a branch of the Iroquoian language family, related to Cayuga, Seneca, Onondega, Wyandot-Huron, Tuscarora, Oneida and Mohawk. Original locations of the Cherokee were the southern Appalachian Mountains, including western North and South Carolina, northern Georgia and Alabama, southwest Virginia, and the Cumberland Basin of Tennessee, Kentucky, and northern Alabama. The Cherokee sometimes refer to themselves as Ani-Kituhwagi, "the people of Kituhwa". Kituhwa was the name of an ancient city, located near present Bryson City, NC, which was the center of the Cherokee Nation. Long before Columbus discovered the "New World" or Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto arrived, the Cherokee territory stretched from the Ohio River to the north, and southward into Georgia and Alabama. Their homelands extended over 135,000 square miles. Cherokee villages had populations of about 350 to 600 persons. Before contact with Europeans, families built round, earth-covered homes for the winter. For the warmer summers they built larger, rectangular homes. The rectangular homes had upright poles forming a framework. The outer covering was bark, wood or woven siding coated with earth and clay. The Cherokee were primarily an agricultural people. They relied heavily on corn, beans, and squash, supplemented by hunting and the gathering of wil... ...r near the North Carolina reservation. Cherokee tribal governments have fairly liberal membership standards compared to other tribes. Some population estimates exceed 370,000, which would make the Cherokee the largest Native American group in the United States It is amazing that through European epidemics, attempts to assimilate eradicate and remove, that any Cherokee are left today. Despite all they have endured and lost, Cherokee levels of education and living standard ranks among the highest of all Native American tribes. I am proud to be an American citizen. I am also especially proud that my Mother’s Great-Grandmother, a descendant of Trail of Tears survivors, was Cherokee. BIBLIOGRAPHY Thomas E. Mails, The Cherokee People: The Story of the Cherokees from Earliest Origins to Contemporary Times Merwyn S. Garbarino, Native American Heritage The Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians http://www.charweb.org/neighbors/na/cherokee.htm James Mooney, History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees Morris L. Wardell, A Political History of the Cherokee Nation 1838-1907 Collier, Peter. When Shall They Rest? The Cherokees' Long Struggle with America

Frankenstein vs. the Terminator: Themes of Science, Feminism, and Roman

Author of Frankenstein, Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin; Born on 30th August 1797-Died on 1st February 1851. In her time she was a British novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, a travel-writer and her Gothic novel Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus 1818. Marry Shelley, when she made a conscious decision to produce Frankenstein, she literally collected her own demons together to create her own autobiography in Frankenstein. Her book shows heartbreak towards conception. In other words where she had problems of having children of her own, she wanted to show this in her book. The author of Frankenstein also managed to make it a science-fiction novel of its time as one of the classics. Mary Shelley knew her book would be in trouble if she didn’t go along with her husband Percy’s wishes. When she asked him to edit Frankenstein he did it in hid own style, which she didn’t like. Even though, she was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft the creator of feminism there was still mail dominance in publishing. Percy published her first book anonymously in 1818 They both knew it would be a flop if she went along with her own name therefore Percy took upon himself edit and change the text to suit his own standards before he went along and published it. So by the time it was published there was nothing left to say that she had written the novel. Shelley’s mother Mary Wollstonecraft was one of the very first women to champion equal rights. After her mother’s success with feminism, eventually freedom for women had enabled her to gain authority to her own novel and she was able to republish the novel under her own name in 1831. For my Frankenstein essay I will be focusing on how to critically compare the original text of F... ...the idea of marrying Victor. Elizabeth keeps her character as very girly, flowery and stays week in character through the book. With Sarah’s character she does start with girly character but you can actually see the strength through her personality that the plot has given her to start with. After the terminator shows his face to her she becomes a protector of her son, saver of the future. By the end of the terminator film, Sarah has been shredded all her feminine side what was left of it after sleeping with again from the future male character. , how it drowns to his attention how much he had longed for his sister/future wife to be. Yet he never felt so lonely whilst within her company. Whether it was the fact that the burning desire driven him away. Or just his sheer highly intelligent curiosity got in the way of settling for second best.

Nationalization over Privatization

The Process of taking an industry or assets into government ownership by a national government or slate is known as nationalization. A nationalized industry is one which produces output for sale to consumers and other producers by the way of markets but which are solely owned by and under the control of the government. On the other hand privatization is the process of moving from a government controlled system to a privately-run one. Nationalized industries are managed by a board of managers appointed by the state; a government minister is usually the person in charge.The implementation of nationalization in a country’s economy may have huge positive impacts in that country as consumers, government, and more importantly, the economy receive benefits. These state owned industries are funded by long-term loans, or subventions also known as subsidies, from government. It can occur through the transfer of company assets to the government or through the transfer of public shares, l eaving the company to run the business under government control (Khan). A Government can nationalize any firm in a country whether it is a water company, electricity, telecommunication and more popular, banks.Some firms are unable to manage their risks properly so the Government comes in to provide more positive externalities. Aims of state owned enterprises may not necessarily comprise of making a profit but rather to operate in the consumers’ interest while the gap between poor and rich is reduced in the process. Nationalization is mainly in favor of the public. â€Å"The State’s assessment of public purpose is accepted on the ground that the State is the best judge of whether or not the nationalization serves a public purpose† (Sornarajah).Nationalization of an industry may result in production costs being lowered therefore goods and services will be available to the nation’s consumers at low prices. In addition Nationalization entails that the distrib ution of wealth become uniform and just. It prevents exploitation of consumers whereas in private ownership the capitalists become richer while the poor laborers grow poorer. This results in a rise in inequalities, that’s where Nationalization comes in to reduce inequalities effectively.Moreover unhealthy competition and corruption between firms and capitalists is demolished. â€Å"Big and powerful capitalists try to crush their small rivals† (Chaterjee). This is also against national interest. Loans at lower rates are accessible to consumers in the case of bank nationalization. In favor of the government they are able to manage their country’s economy by controlling important industries, such as monopolies. They make their services more efficient even though it comes as a cost they benefit from this when good feedback is received from the population mass.Companies owned by the people for the people take social costs into account and the profit goes back to the people. The economy also receives a major boost as Nationalization involves a lot of government expenditures. Government expenditure includes all government consumption and investments made by state. It involves the acquisition of goods and services for use to directly satisfy individual or collective needs of the population in a country intended to create future benefits.Nationalized industries, also known as government owned corporations, state owned companies, state enterprises as well as state owned entities, charged with operating in the public interest, may be under strong political and social pressures to give much more attention to externalities. They may be obliged to operate some loss making activities where social benefits are clearly greater than social costs. For example: rural postal and transportation services. The Government recognizes social obligations and provides subsidies for such non-commercial operations in some cases.Moreover, since nationalized industries ar e state owned, the Government is responsible for meeting any debts stumbled upon by these industries. Nationalized industries don’t normally borrow from the domestic market other than for short-term borrowing and is in general a non-profit organization. However, if they are profitable, the profit is often used as a means to finance other state services, such as social programs and government research which can help lower the tax burden. An issue in nationalization is the payment of compensation to the former owner or owners.The most controversial nationalizations are known as expropriations, are those where no compensation, or an amount far below the likely market value of the nationalized assets, is paid. Much nationalization has come after revolutions through expropriation, mostly in revolutions led by communists. When nationalizing a large business, the cost of compensation is so great that much legal nationalization have occurred when important firms or industries run clo se to bankruptcy and are then acquired by the Government or little or free. Other times, Governments have seen it important to gain control of institutions of great economic value as well as citizen importance, such as banks or monopolistic service providers, or of important industries struggling economically. â€Å"State or local authorities have traditionally taken private property for such public purposes as the construction of roads, dams, or public buildings. Known as the right of eminent domain, this process is usually accompanied by the payment of compensation.By contrast, the concept of nationalization is a 20th century development that differs from eminent domain in motive and degree; it is done for the purpose of social and economic equality and is usually, although not always, applied as a principle of communistic or socialistic theories of society† (Margolis). Communism is defined as a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state (Dictionary. com). Moreover, there are principles which govern communism. One of the contradictions in communism most frequently highlighted is that between the theory and the practice. While this is to some extent justified, it also needs to be borne in mind that, as with most concepts, there is no single theory of communism, rather there are numerous theories and variations on a theme – and some versions of the theory are more compatible with the practice than others† (Holmes Chpt. 1). Principles such as: * The expropriation of landed property and the use of rent from land to cover state expenditure. A high and progressively graded income-tax. * An abolition of the right of inheritance. * The confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. * The centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by the establishment of a state bank with state capital and an exclusive monopo ly. * The centralization of transport in the hands of the state. * An increase in the state ownership of factories and instruments of production, and the redistribution and amelioration of agricultural land on a general plan. Universal obligation to work and creation of labour armies especially for agriculture. * The unification of agricultural with industrial labour, and the gradual abolition of the differences between town and country. * The public education of all children. Abolition of factory labour for children in its present form. Unification of education with economic production. (Karl Marx) On the other hand, socialism, an economic system, is characterized by social ownership and control of the means of production and cooperative management of an economy.Social ownership may refer to one or a combination of the following; Cooperative enterprises, common ownership, direct public ownership or autonomous state enterprises. There are many variations of socialism and as such the re is no single definition encapsulating all of socialism. They differ in the type of social ownership they advocate, the degree to which they rely on markets versus planning, how management is to be organized within economic enterprises, and the role of the state in constructing socialism. (Mr. Reasonable) State owned non-profit organizations generally work in the interest on the public.Nationalization tends to occur more often in the natural resources and utilities sectors. Nationalization of natural resource industries tend to happen when the price of the corresponding commodity is high. Privatized industries struggle with production costs, they tend to raise the bar on their prices thus the poor people’s pockets are hurt. Due to this exploitation is present, this is popular within monopolies. These enterprises do not experience competition from other firms as they are the sole suppliers of a good or service in an economy.They take advantage of this by raising their prices whenever they please knowing that their commodity’s demand will not drop but profit will rise considerably. â€Å"The monopolistic firm is a price maker and has some power over the setting of price or output. It cannot however, charge a price that the consumers in the market will not bear† (tutor2u. net). They significantly charge high prices on their goods and services and in some cases, fire workers in order to reduce cost of production. Moreover, workers who have mouths to feed and bills to pay.On the other hand, a monopoly owned, run and controlled by the government will stop consumers from being exploited. How, you may ask? Government expenditure and investment may cover all major production costs correspondingly reducing prices on goods and services provided by the monopoly. At the same time, employment is generated rather than depleted. The Government works in favor of the public, additionally in favor of its country’s economic wealth fare and increasing the employment rate and decreasing the unemployment rate is a plus as well as a good name for the state.According to Kabbani Construction Group (KCG), a nationalization program supporting the qualified national work force as developed. KCG plans to replace foreign labour with Saudi nationals in order to encourage and increase employment of young Saudi nationals through nationalization. So indeed, this is a strategy used by state to decrease the unemployment rate in respective economies. Furthermore, the presence of nationalization in an economy slightly reduces the gap between the rich and the poor people in society. We very often see the situation in an economy where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.The causes of this may include generally high prices for goods and services set by the rich business men only affordable to their fellow wealthy counterparts, the poor then suffer when they take the little that they have from their pockets and give it to the rich when they p urchase the certain goods or services offered. This is a result of poor redistribution of wealth. As defined by wisegeek. com, the redistribution of wealth is the orderly transfer of assets from one group of entities to a broader range of entities, usually by utilizing some sort of mechanisms put in place by a government.Sometimes known as progressive redistribution, the idea is to allocate available resources in a manner that a wider range of people receive some degree of benefit from those assets. Nationalization is often used in the process of the redistributing of wealth. It is a broad concept that may include strategies such as government offering funded health care plans to citizens qualified. With other methods the goal is to ensure that everyone, both rich and poor, in a given country has access to and receives benefits considered to be necessary for a respectable standard of living.The poor may not be able to fund those benefits but that is where the government comes in to play by reducing the costs on the backs of such citizens. An example of this may include the government providing a free health care program to the less fortunate. The elimination of price discrimination is also a strategy used by the government to reduce the gap between rich and poor. Price discrimination is a pricing strategy that is adopted by private firms where they charge customers different prices for the same product or service.In pure price discrimination, the seller will charge each customer the maximum price that he or she is willing to pay. In more common forms of price discrimination, the seller places customers in groups based on certain attributes and charges each group a different price. The poor could really be at a disadvantage according to how the firm conducts its price discrimination. This can be eliminated due to nationalization. The government then comes in to establish price control. They dictate ceiling on the prices of essential consumer goods to keep cost of living within a manageable range on behalf of the lower class.Additionally, the government lowers interest rates on loans to stimulate the economy, allowing people of the public to access it. When a bank is nationalized ownership or control of that bank is transferred from the shareholders to state. This usually takes place when the state sees it unfit the way the bank is operating under its shareholders, especially when it may be on the path of bankruptcy. In more recent times, the failure of major banks has highlighted the fact that, under national ownership and control, failing banks can be funded more quickly and for larger amounts than under private ownership.This enables the banking infrastructure to be rebuilt, as well as ensure the closer regulation of banks in the future. Douglas J. Elliot explains this in his book ‘Bank Nationalization: What is it? Should we do it? ’ Bank regulators have stood ready for decades to take over an insolvent bank, or one on the brink of insolvency, if it is not possible to neither find private capital to neither shore up the bank nor find a strong acquirer. Often applied to small banks, this practice has applied even to quite large banks in rare circumstances. Government can take 100% ownership or simply a commanding majority stake.This choice depends heavily on what purposes the nationalization is intended to achieve. It is feared that some banks receiving large quantities of government aid will never be able to support themselves independently again, bleeding taxpayer resources until they are eventually cut off by the government and taken over. In such a case, the cost to the taxpayer may be considerably smaller if a bank is taken over quickly. Through nationalization, the state can manage the economy more effectively by means of controlling the important industries in its respective country.In any economy, the state should exhibit some sort of control over the affairs taking place on a day-to-day basis. Price control and quantity control are two strategies of government intervention governments practice in managing an economy. Nationalization allows government or state to intervene in economic activity Government intervention is an action taken from the government that alter or change economic activeness, supply ability, and unconstrained decisions made through normal market trade is the definition given by webdynamic. com. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦government intervention through nationalization in the market/economy set out to attain two main goals: â€Å"Social efficiency and equity. Social efficiency is achieved at the point where the marginal benefits to society for wither production or consumption are equal to the marginal costs of either production or consumption. Issues of equity are difficult to judge due to the subjective assessment of what is, and what is not, a fair distribution of resources. † Externalities are spillover costs to society. Whenever ther e are external costs, the market will lead to a level of production and consumption above the socially efficient level.Whenever there are external benefits, the market will (ceteris paribus) lead to a level of production and consumption below the socially efficient level. † (John & Mark) At times, economies may respond sluggishly to changes in demand and supply. Time lags in adjustment can lead to a permanent state of disequilibrium and to problems of instability. With the government in charge of industries and firms, they ensure that changes in demand and supply are responded to in a timely and systematic fashion so that the market stays stable.Furthermore, the state reduces externalities, doing so with the use of taxes and subsidies. Externalities can be corrected by imposing tax rates equal to the size of the marginal external cost, and granting rates of subsidy equal to marginal external benefits. Extensions of property rights may allow individuals to impose unfair costs o n others. State takes charge of these properties and cut down on the costs thus influencing more customers to divulge in ongoing activities. Investment in economic theory is the amount of a good that is purchased, not to consume but to be used for future production.Nationalization involves a great deal of this as government primary source of capital in a nationalized firm is investment. State invests in raw materials, human capital, and inventory to name a few. Human capital includes costs of additional on-the-job training for employees. The investment of inventory is the accumulation of items which will be used in production such as machinery and vehicles. The government uses these investments to improve the efficiency of their goods and services to distribute to their consumers. Governments also make investments in raw materials. â€Å"1949 – Steel was first nationalised in 1949, and privatised a year later by the new Conservative government. It was re-nationalised in 1967 when over 90 of steel capacity was put under the control of the British Steel Corporation (BSC). Steel was returned to the private sector once more in 1988. † (economicsonline. co. uk) An example of raw materials being nationalized by use of investments in steal is presented above. * â€Å"In 1948 railways were nationalized to help rebuild the network infrastructure and re-equip the rolling stock after the destructive effects of the Second World War. This is an example of inventory investment. More Efficient goods result in more satisfied consumers and the government works towards that aim in ensuring that the public is vastly satisfied with the services and goods provided. Social costs are the costs to society as a whole for producing one additional unit, or taking one more measure in an economy. These cost of producing one extra unit of something is not simply the direct cost sustained by the producer alone, but also must include the costs to the external environment and o ther stakeholders thus effecting the people. A standard example of this is that of a factory the smoke from which has harmful effects on those occupying neighboring properties† (Coase 1). Other social costs could include other forms of pollution, which could arise from the advancements through additional units in production. Another form of pollution consists of excessive garbage pollution. Social costs might as well include solid waste from the garbage trucks on neighborhoods along the routes taken as well as the impacts of solid waste facilities themselves. Moreover, Adverse effects on roperty values, community image, and aesthetics, as well as the increase of noise, odor, and traffic all contribute to social costs. With this said, the state takes it as their responsibility to take these social costs into account so people get compensated, for companies owned and run by the people for the people take social costs into account and the profit goes back to the people. They are allowed to do so as they have the adequate funds and money in their possession in contrast to private owner firms who don’t have the monies available and leave the public to suffer due to social costs.It is also their duty that the public stays with a mutual feeling towards them. Lastly, nationalization in an economy can influence a rise in the economy. Injections into the economy from the government are the really the main sources. We have already covered the point that governments invest in newly nationalized industries in order to make their goods and services more efficient but that is not the only effect it has in a business and economic stand point.Investments not only serve an efficient purpose but these injections are represented in the national income formula as government expenditure and government spending, which when increased results in an increase to national income. The national income formula states that national income equals consumption plus gross private in vestment plus government consumption expenditure plus net exports (Y=C+I+G+X). Knowing this we could say that in a situation where, in a given year national income was five thousand dollars with government expenditure being one thousand dollars.In the following year, the government decides to take over the assets of a coconut products producing plant. The state invests two thousand dollars worth of capital into that firm; this includes investments in raw materials, human capital and inventory. This two thousand dollars goes into the national income equation as an addition to government consumption expenditure raising it from one thousand dollars to three thousand dollars. Hence, national income increases by two thousand dollars taking it to seven thousand dollars. Consumers, governments and economies all benefit from the positive that nationalization imposes when it is implemented.Governments are the main nationalization mechanisms as they are allowed to exhibit their control over t he affairs in an economy and also to represent the people and protect them from the stress bearers known as private owners. Governments can either fully take over an industry or only see that an industry is run under their supervision. Nationalizations are funded by loans and subsidies to help cover production costs without having to operate at a full loss as they do not aim to make maximum profits unlike the private owned firms and companies.At the same time lowering the costs of goods and services distributed to consumers. Out of all the firms which governments may choose to nationalize, national banks are the most popular corporations to be nationalized. Consequently, in doing so government provides the public, access to loans at lower rates. The gap between rich and poor is slightly reduced as exploitation of consumers is condensed. In conclusion, the implementation of nationalization in a country’s economy does have huge positive impacts as consumers, governments and eco nomies benefit.

Comparison: Hector in Iliad vs. Hector in Troy

Heroes possess five timeless qualities. They are always willing to accept a challenge, they are courageous, self-sacrificing, they can overcome struggle with strength and dignity, and they have superior yet human qualities. Over different eras, other qualities that are attributed to heroes change based on society’s changing morals and ethics. The two versions of Hector display the many differences between the Greeks perspective on heroes and the modern contemporary perspective on heroes.To begin with, it is implied that modern heroes are sympathetic and do not love to kill, while heroes in Greek perspectives love basking in glory over defeat of any of their enemies. Hector in the Iliad gloats over the sight of dying Patroclus, taunting him in his last moments alive, whereas Hector in Troy is remorseful when he finds out that it was not Achilles who he fought. He kills Patroclus to stop his suffering and says that it is enough fighting for one day, even though the war has just barely begun. This shows how modern heroes are dutiful to their cause, while not truly liking the violence involved.On the other hand, heroes in Greek perspectives are shown to be individuals who lust to kill and feel no compassion as long as they achieve victory. This ties into how the respect shown towards rivals differs greatly from one time period to another. Hector in the Iliad does not show respect to his enemies, therefore continuously taunting Patroclus. This is unlike Hector in the film who displays his respect for Patroclus by killing him. Hector’s respect in the modern version versus his lack of respect is evidence as to how heroes were believed to feel after defeating their enemy.Finally, these versions show that heroes by Greek definitions are opportunists, while modern heroes will complete a task through their own physical power. Hector in the Iliad is presented as an opportunist, diving in to kill Patroclus after Apollo has already injured him. This is unlike H ector in the film who fights Patroclus all on his own. This shows how the dependency of heroes has changed over time. Even though there are many differences between the perspectives of the Greeks and the modern contemporary, there are also quite a few similarities.First of all, both versions of Hector are displayed as fierce individuals. We can see this from the Hector in the Iliad through the diction used when describing him stabbing Patroclus. Their situation is compared to one of a lion and a tireless wild boar, where the â€Å"lion beats him down with sheer brute force as the boar fights for breath (Line 963-964). † By comparing Hector to such a tough animal and using â€Å"sheer brute force† when explaining how he stabbed Patroclus, his strength is shown. As well, showing that Hector has defeated a â€Å"wild boar† also contributes to showing his superiority.In Troy, just by his leadership and methods of fighting, one can see that he is very powerful. In ad dition, both are very loyal to their cities. They fight with courage and stay focused toward their goal. Even if Hector in the film commands the war to be over for the day, he still knows he has to be faithful to his city and fight again. Hector in the Iliad being the opportunist that he is, also shows his loyalty by finishing off his enemies with pride. All in all, through observing the attitudes and behaviors of the two versions of Hector, it is easy to interpret how these time periods felt about heroes.All heroes possess five timeless qualities in addition to other qualities which are believed to be important during their own time period. Sometimes, one may see that these qualities are quite similar, and other times, they are the exact opposite of each other. In conclusion, descriptions of heroes are created by looking at what will appeal to the readers or viewers based on morals and ethics valued during that time. For this reason, the two versions of Hector possess some of the s ame qualities, but also some very different ones.

Satire speech

Can get a show of hands for anyone who honestly enjoys changes within the BBS community? Now, I'm not talking about the change from calling the garden cafe the hub, or the change of calling signature assessments, evaluation. No, I'm talking about big change, the kind of change that has you waiting at the edge of your seat, with your palms sweating, gripping onto the chairs handles like your life depends on it. Are you ready? I'm talking about the change that happened last year, that left many emotionally wounded and causes so many arguments, the change of switching the graduating class' blazer to the white blazers.It might not seem like much, but allow me to elaborate. The problem I'm here to address to you today is not just one strictly about change, but also about the graduating class. Not just about the graduating class this year, but also the many graduates that are yet to come. I believe I speak for a fair amount Of students when I say that it's almost sickening how often the gr aduating class is given all the attention and the credit, despite what the faculty seems to believe. They enjoy giving every important opportunity to the graduating class, while blocking out most of the other grades.The BBS community tries to differentiate them so much more from all other grades that it has become irritating. They've even come to the point of changing their uniform in order to distinguish their importance. According to the American School Board Journal, uniform is meant to â€Å"improve a school's environment by reducing competition, improving student self-esteem, and improving academic achievement. † But ask yourselves, can o really focus on how you can change your 4 to a 4+ in pre-Ap advanced functions, when Holier uniform isn't as cool as the grads?Now, I'm not saying that grade ;level isn't a big year because if I did, would have a trail of prom queen in seven-inch heels running after me. The message I'm striving to convey is strictly questioning whether it's fair or not the amount of praise they receive? But then ask myself, when is anything ever fair, and that's when came up with my solution. Change is inevitable; attempting to stop it is like raying to get in the way of the squirrel from ice age that's chasing after the nut, it's impossible.We all know that even after varies meetings and discussions, where the faculty pretends that they truly take your strong opinions into consideration; it's still their way or no way. You can't deny the fact that they hold those meetings to create an illusion that we actually have a say into what happens to our graduating year. So, I stand here and ask you, how exactly do we fix this problem, actually don't answer that since I already know the perfect answer. Instead of getting rid of the blazers or the school's obsession with the grads, why don't we embrace change?We are always taught to make the best of the situation so here is what propose: we completely change the uniform of the graduating y ear. Don't get worried yet; I know what you're all thinking, but what about the sailor suit collar? Of course that's going to remain a part of the new and improved grads only uniform because we all know how much BBS loves to respect tradition. After all, we still have the head girl position when all other aspects of the leader positions eave changed for the upcoming year.The new excessive uniform is modern, stylish, and affordable, but also very helpful towards the student's wearing it. Allow me to elaborate on this beautiful design that will brighten up your day. It's what I would describe as the future space wear. To simply describe it, it's a dress unlike the sailor suit top and the skirt. The dress will be long sleeve and ends appropriately three inches above your knee. Since it's a dress, girls cannot roll their skirts up, you're welcome male and female teachers of the school.The color the dress will be in shiny metallic silver, in order to outshine the other lower grade studen ts. Students walking past them in the hall won't be able to complain about the grads when they're be temporarily blinded by the reflection of the light off the dress. The most important part of the dress is going to be the red and blue embroidery all along the dress. After reading a recent article from The New York Times, it is said that, â€Å"the color red can make people's work more accurate, but blue can make them more creative.Researchers at the University of British Columbia conducted tests with 600 participants to see how cognitive performance varies when people see red or blue. Red groups did better on tests of recall and attention to detail, like remembering words or checking spelling and punctuation. Blue groups did better on tests requiring invention and imagination. † So clearly, the new uniform is going to help differentiate the grads more from other grades. In the end, change will happen; it might be for the better or the worse but who truly knows until you try? BBS is an ever changing, ever moving community that advances every day from new technology and creative action plans, but we must learn to put our best assets on display to frighten our rival schools. So, lets learn to accept the new change and let be honest, seeing walking space ships would be really cool.

Information Technology Essay

Management is the backbone of an organization and information technology today is at heart of a business plan. Information technology has bridge the way between organizational operations with external environment. This process has facilitated the pace of activities and lessens the time needed to carry out these operations amplifying the revenues manifolds. The rise of information economies has boosted the global trade and fueled the need of new business processes and models which will be effective to manage information. IT is an important part of decision making process as available information is a base to decision making. Electronic enabling of information transfer has brought together the suppliers, intermediaries, retailers, customers and external groups which react to customer demands and change right away. (Martin, Silvia, Thomas , 2009) The integration of IT has reduced the business expenditure many times by reducing workforce and unnecessary activities of business. The IT has modified the firms in to digital instead of traditional firms. The complete digitalization of firms is still a vision still not obtained. These digital firms are quick in response and sense changes in environment faster. The flexibility to change has heated the level of competition and prosperity. Information systems are primary management tool. The management invests heavily in its information systems which are system of logistics which is supply chain management of products and service, system for customer relationship management, Executive support and knowledge management system. These systems provide integration digitally. The role of IT Manager in an Organization  The functions of management are planning, control, coordination, decision making which are immensely influenced by information technology. This paper determines that the processing of information is for sake of perking up an organizations overall performance and production of profits. It helps manager pinpoint problems and finds alternating solutions by automation of complex subjects, innovation and development of new products. Computer based information systems depend upon software and hardware technology for progression and circulation of information. Information produces business value that adds to strategic position of an organization. Information value chain is critical to every business for which it has managers who have task to plan, implement and monitor the flow of this value chain of information. It is of importance as the changes in technology are dynamic to react and workout the change is the responsibility of the managers. Managers must understand the dimensions of information technology as they are necessary for decision making. This paper discusses the perceived role of an information technology manager at Magnum Enterprise. The role of an IT manager at Magnum Enterprise is technically to supervise networking, training and maintenance, execution of internal systems, asset management and being a leader who believes in teamwork, innovation and management with communicative qualities to make things work internally and externally for an organization. He supports in the scheduling and execution of trimmings, removal and maintaining amendments to the sustaining infrastructure. He sees the execution of networks security, supervision of administration and maintenance of computer stations and software’s. He initiates business training programs and provides extra assistance if necessary. He supervises troubleshooting, system support, archiving, failure improvement and offer specialist support when required while also working with venture group to help employ Internal Systems. (Pearlson and Cash, October 18, 2004). Communication Management: Manager reacts to rising help desk concerns. He cooperates with in-house customers on all elevations to help resolve IT-related matters and present solutions in an opportune way. He also put together, keeps vendor association and controls the procurement of hardware and software items for consumption. He also guarantees that corporation possessions are consistently preserved; make possible group conference successfully and regularly holding status meetings with group. The group should be up to date on changes inside the organization. He successfully communicates significant IT information to directors with resolving issues with a sensible approach. He tactfully communicates delicate information, instigate and implement enhancement in all of IT tasks. He has the key role to motivate colleagues to achieve goals and track dissimilarity. A manager should be managing change and innovation. A manager identifies chance for enhancement and craft beneficial implication for change. He manages the course of innovative transformation successfully and is on the obverse of promising industry practices. He constantly recognizes all group member contributions and utilizing the prospective talents to full. He is able to diminish conflict and communication problems between group mates. He is able to measure performance, provide training and learning experience to subordinates. He follows standard operating procedures in conducting the operations. He focuses on minimizing cost and maximizing results. He keeps up with arising IT risks, challenges and provide alternative solutions. (Pearlson and Cash, October 18, 2004). Managers need to apt to different approaches to work out information system demands. These approaches are technical and behavioral that stimulates the IT infrastructure. There is always a need to upgrade the technologies by managers as these technologies are needed for global connectivity and collaboration. IT has somewhat flattened the organization levels which is changing management role and has almost alienated work from site. The utilization of networks like internet to help connect organization with World Wide Web, intranet which stimulates within organization operations and extranet which connects with other organization digitally by managers and taskforce has reorganized work flow creating more flexibility in organization. IT has flourished inter-organizational system for trading vast variety of goods and services. Managers at different levels use diverse kind of information systems to perform their daily tasks. There are six such information system which help keep up with global flow of information. These Information systems cater four managerial level systems which are operational, knowledge management and strategic level systems covering all functional areas of business which can be categorized as market and sale management, production and manufacturing management, management finance and accounts management, and human resource management. Managers at different levels in an organization use these systems for assistance. The five corresponding systems which may serve different levels of Magnum Enterprise are executive support system (ESS), management information system (MIS), decision support system (DSS), knowledge working system (KWS) at operational level and transaction processing system (TPS). These systems are essential to effective business management. Transactional processing system: It serves the operational level of organization. It records daily transaction necessary to conduct business activities. It may include payrolls and shipment transactions. Information System goals at this level are well structured already defined and result of repeated known procedures. The challenge related to TPS is that it is least supervised system but is core to business and any defaults in it may cause heavy losses to business in long term. This system generates information for other kind of systems as is exposed to external environment more than any other system. Knowledge work and office system: The role of this system is to assist knowledge or data workers. Its main aim is to create new knowledge and its expertise is well integrated in the system. This system communicates with external surroundings directly; for instance the customers are its direct interaction from where it collects information for internal use. Management information system: This system transforms data from TPS that is worth reporting to senior management. It is primarily internal to organization and is not flexible with modest diagnostic competence. It is used to summaries operational level activities and there relation to managerial goals. Decision support system: It is used to make unique decision on rapid change at managerial level. These are not structured and defined but depend upon information analysis. It is interactive, analytically powerful system which uses information provided by TPS and MIS. Executive support system: It’s a senior management level decision making system. It’s utilization is non routine decisions of assessment, judgment and greater sensitivity. It also input data from MIS and DSS. The system is to design new set of procedures, policies and driving solutions for variety of problems. All these systems are interlinked to each other, support each other for input and decision making process of managers. It is important for organization to effectively use them in a right set to get results and obtain better performance. The enterprise resource planning (ERP) is used to combine all systems as one but it has a short coming that’s difficult to build. This system brings the flow of information which will be available to all; its integration of all internal functional business processes system links which are complex and expensive. It has ability to give the whole picture of the organization. This system is also enhanced to link to the systems of vendors, supplier and retailers. Managers use it in management of their supply chain and managing value relation with customer. Management of supply chain: Supply chain management is effective to management of supply chain is valuable to lessen the warehouse or storage need. There must be no requirement to maintain stock in bulk as an automated system will itself record the need of supply of inventory and availability of the product to the end user. It lessens the burden of complicated steps; delays involved along the way and decrease the expenses. It manages the upstream to downstream. The problem it has is the bullwhip effect which alters the supply process. It uses systems for supply chain execution and planning. On other hand mangers must make use of collaborative commerce in which multiple organization work together towards attainment of goals throughout product lifecycles. Customer relationship Management: Customer relationship management is related to achieving strategic plans by merging all information available to the business processes. It tells how loyal is the customer and what value the customer has to the business. Knowledge management system creates value which is indefinable. Knowledge management system is used to discover, distribute, share and create knowledge to integrate in organization. All systems facilitate virtual movement of goods and services. There are ten essential grounds that will decide Magnum Enterprise organization success. Prior to getting to the five chief challenges in front of managers. When there is a concern, trouble, and collapse anywhere in the organization; the whole thing that arises might not have direct link with a firm’s culture but more significantly depends upon behavioral rewarding. Successful management is not about the newest trend. It is about a primary expectation, high opinion for public and treats them accordingly. Reliability and moral values should be basis of decisions. Valuable and dynamic employees must be seen as development of human reserve which should be considered as investment not an expense. It’s the duty of the administration to create encouraging environment where people are willing to take responsibility for what they do. The five major challenges are all cultural and political within the hierarchy of a firm. The policies and standard operating procedures affect the way everyone performs. It’s essential that managers know that the performance indicators will reflect the firms incentive granting measures. Managerial behavioral management most likely affirms that the behavior is tolerable. There is need to monitor the culture that is making the behavior rewarding as must be aspired. Communicative technique which is buzz, word of mouth, memorandum, emails, conference, character analysis sessions and official statement boards all commune information efficiently and appropriately. When contact is of vertical nature in the firm, it is definite that you are not even near to certainty of your organization, market, consumers or dealers. One of the key challenges is to communicate all the strategic plans and decisions into workable operations of the firm. The firm must conduct undisclosed surveys to assess the views of employees of the firm. Decisions made devoid of bottom-up response will have less than expected outcome. A feedback mechanism in which Employees would like to identify how they are performing. Failure to give them the response will keep them in shadow concerning the measurement of performance. The circumstances that impact the function of manager are unique age groups, cultural diversity, and technology, international market, ethical principles, stress, autonomy, choice of consumption goods, unskilled human resource and making swift changes. Challenges of Information Technology Management: The information systems for managerial end consumer represent Promotion of efficient choice is essential for developing viable products to have edge over competitors in market. It also helps in cost of sustaining business with available resources. Misleading or unsorted information determine success and loss factor creating inappropriate functioning of information technology and overall business. The success factors could be involvement of the user, senior management support, clear goals and mission with strategic plan having attainable expectations. On the other hand reason of failure can be insufficient input, no specified roles, change, no support role of senior management and at large technological ineffectiveness Developing unbeaten information decision to business query is test to managers. – (Pour, 2003) Managers are responsible for recommending, mounting innovative or enhanced exercise of information systems for company. Information system supported by computer use virtually executed and planned development process. Foremost actions must be expertise of staff in IS development. The information system should be financially and technologically viable when in planning stage of users and experts developing it. It’s of utmost importance to the managers that the system they employ, improve and maintain business value while application of little software’s in the system. The main challenges of IT is maintaining ethical goodness while use of technology around the globe. The IT uses that might look inappropriate and negligent are following- what is the use of information resources, protection from cyber crime and other defaults of IT. The goal of international information society is the profitable use of managed information reserves while achieving strategic goals of organizations. Information systems are used to find more competent, cost-effective and socially liable tricks to utilize world’s scarce economic resources. In line with other challenges one of the major challenges is career growth when there is an attractive job market for technology employment but most surveys show that many individuals are incompetent. Still there is a boom in IT staff hiring market as the firms have increased the use of information manifolds. Information systems function represents: functional area of business that is as important to business success as the functions of market and sale management, production and manufacturing management, finance and accounts management, and managing human resource. It’s an important contribution to operational competence, employee productivity and morale, and customer service. It’s a major source of information and support needed to promote effective decision making by managers and business professionals. It’s a component in developing competitive products and services that provides organization a strategic gain in the international market. It is also worthwhile and difficult career chance for millions. It is of utmost importance to see systems from functional prospective as it serves all organizational levels and impact the e- business. Pour, 2003) The sales and marketing evaluate the trend analysis, judge competitor’s performance and support market analysis through research. All this is monitored through the information systems described above. In a same way accounting and finance systems provide a right mix of tools that can be used to maximize wealth. It also enables to track flow of funds using knowledge base information system. We see that supply chain management system helps to continue product operations smoothly. It’s possible as the deficiency of goods and raw inventory is tracked and is efficiently met.